Brown+Vs.+the+Board+of+Education


 * ==Brown Vs. The Board of Education ==

===The Integrationists’ Arguments=== Lawyers for the plaintiffs relied on legal arguments, historical evidence, and psychological studies: **MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE DEFENDANTS (for segregation) (check [|Link 1])**  The case for the defenders of segregation rested on four arguments: **THE CHANGE IN THE COURT (leading to a decision) (check** [|**Link 1**]**)**  The Supreme Court agreed to hear //Brown v. Board of Education// in June 1952. Deciding the case was difficult from the start. Differing social philosophies and temperaments divided the nine justices. Chief Justice Fred Vinson and several others doubted the constitutional authority of the Court to end school segregation. And the justices worried that a decision to integrate schools might be unenforceable.
 * BASIC FACTS OF THE CASES (more than one) (check video, [|Link 1], [|Link 2], [|Link 3])**
 * The Case was created when African American parents opposed segregation in their schools in Topeka, Kansas.
 * //Brown v. Board of Education// was not simply about children and education. The laws and policies struck down by this court decision were products of the human tendencies to prejudge, discriminate against, and stereotype other people by their ethnic, religious, physical, or cultural characteristics.
 * Ending this behavior as a legal practice caused far reaching social and ideological implications, which continue to be felt throughout our country. The //Brown// decision inspired and galvanized human rights struggles across the country and around the world.
 * this also included the states of Virginia, Delaware, Washington D.C., South Carolina.
 * MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE PLAINTIFF (for integration) (check [|Link 1])**
 * In //Plessy v. Ferguson,// the Supreme Court had misinterpreted the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Equal protection of the laws did not allow for racial segregation.
 * The Fourteenth Amendment allowed the government to prohibit any discriminatory state action based on race, including segregation in public schools.
 * The Fourteenth Amendment did not specify whether the states would be allowed to establish segregated education.
 * Psychological testing demonstrated the harmful effects of segregation on the minds of African American children.
 * The Constitution did not require white and African American children to attend the same schools.
 * Social separation of blacks and whites was a regional custom; the states should be left free to regulate their own social affairs.
 * Segregation was not harmful to black people.
 * Whites were making a good faith effort to equalize the two educational systems. But because black children were still living with the effects of slavery, it would take some time before they were able to compete with white children in the same classroom.

In September 1953 Vinson died, and President Dwight Eisenhower appointed Earl Warren as chief justice. His leadership in producing a unanimous decision to overturn //Plessy// changed the course of American history. **THE COURT DECISION (in your own words) (check** [|**Link 1**] **and Link 2) The court decided that becouse of the 14th amendment the idea of segrigated schools was unconstitutional.**

**ENFORCING THE DECISION (discuss "with all deliberate speed) (Check [|Link 1] ****)** the way that the court had orderd the amendment left ways for segraggationalist to have some resitance. and even though the courts wanted to end state seggrigation with all deliberate speed (as fast as possilble) it stilll left this room.

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 * THE IMPACT and LEGACY** **(Check** [|**Link 1**]**)**